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1 ἰσχυρός
ἰσχυρός, ά, όν (s. ἰσχύς, ἰσχύω; Aeschyl.+) comp. ἰσχυρότερος (Hdt.+; ins, pap, LXX; Ar. 1, 2; Just., D. 103, 3; Ath. 34, 2) gener. ‘strong, mighty, powerful’.① pert. to being strong physically, mentally, or spiritually, strong, of living beingsⓐ of transcendent beings: of God (SIG 216, 1 [IV B.C.] ἰσχυρῷ θειῷ [=θεῷ s. note 4] Σανέργει; Dt 10:17; 2 Macc 1:24 and oft.; TestSol C 12, 3; Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 307; PGM 10, 11; 12, 374; 36, 105; Just., D. 103, 3) Rv 18:8. Of angels (PGM 3, 71f ἄγγελος κραταιὸς κ. ἰσχυρός) 5:2; 10:1; 18:21. Of Christ 1 Cor 10:22; cp. also Lk 11:22 (s. below on Lk 11:21). Of the one to come after John the Baptist ἰσχυρότερός μου (cp. Judg 5:13 A; PGM 13, 202) Mt 3:11; Mk 1:7; Lk 3:16. τὸ ἀσθενὲς τ. θεοῦ ἰσχυρότερον τ. ἀνθρώπων 1 Cor 1:25 (cp. Philo, Ebr. 186 τὸ ἀσθενές … τὸ ἰ.). Of Satan, who may be the ἰσχυρός of the parable Mt 12:29; Mk 3:27; Lk 11:21 (cp. PGM 5, 147 the δαίμων, who calls himself ἰσχυρός, and the ἰσχυρός of 13, 203 who, acc. to 197 is ἔνοπλος, as well as the Φόβος καθωπλισμένος 528 fighting the ἰσχυρότερος 543; Mel., P. 102, 783). In case Satan is not meant, these passages, together w. Lk 11:22 (s. above) belong under b below.ⓑ of human beings (opp. ἀσθενής as Philo, Somn. 1, 155; Tat. 32, 2f) 1 Cor 4:10; Agr. 4.—1J 2:14; Hs 9, 15, 1. ἰ. ἐν πολέμῳ mighty in war Hb 11:34. ἐν τῇ πίστει Hv 3, 5, 5; m 11, 4. οἱ ἰσχυροί (Ps.-X., Constitution of Athens 1, 14; 4 Km 24:15 codd.; Da 8:24 Theod.) Rv 6:15; 19:18. ὁ ἰ. 1 Cl 13:1 (Jer 9:22); 38:2. Even the neut. τὰ ἰσχυρά refers to persons 1 Cor 1:27.② pert. to being high on a scale of extent as respects strength or impression that is made, violent, loud, mighty, etc., of things (cp. IAndrosIsis, Kyme 16 of justice) ἄνεμος violent (TestSol 6:1 D; Dio Chrys. 60 and 61 [77 and 78], 7 χειμὼν ἰ.) Mt 14:30 v.l.; βροντή loud Rv 19:6. κραυγή Hb 5:7. φόβος Hm 7:4 (=the fear of the Lord is very productive). πίστις 9:7, 10. μετάνοια Hs 7:6. λίθος solid, mighty (Sir 6:21) B 6:2. πέτρας ἰ. B 11:5 (Is 33:16). λιμός a severe famine Lk 15:14 (cp. Petosiris, Fgm. 6, ln. 49 λιμὸς ἰ.; Hdt. 1, 94; SIG 495, 59 [c. 230 B.C.] σιτοδείας γενομένης ἰσχυρᾶς; Gen 41:31). πόλις mighty (Is 26:1 v.l.; TestJud 5:1) Rv 18:10 (cp. also τεῖχος X., Cyr. 7, 5, 7; 1 Macc 1:33 v.l. Kappler; πύργος Judg 9:51 B). φωνή loud (Aesop. Fab. 420 P. ἰσχυρᾷ τῇ φωνῇ; Ex 19:19; Da 6:21 Theod.) Rv 18:2; παράκλησις ἰ. strong encouragement Hb 6:18. ἰσχυροτέρας ἀποκαλύψεις more meaningful revelations Hv 3, 10, 8. ῥῆμα mighty 1, 3, 4. (W. βέβαια and τεθεμελιωμένα) πάντα ἰσχυρά everything is secure 3, 4, 3. θέσις Hv 3, 13, 3. (W. βαρεῖαι, as TestJud 9:2) ἐπιστολαί weighty and strong (cp. X., Cyr. 3, 3, 48; Wsd 6:8) letters 2 Cor 10:10. Avoided in J (s. MBoismard, Le chaiptre 21 de StJean: RB 54, ’47, 491).—B. 295. DELG s.v. ἰσχύς. M-M. TW.
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